Vascular Plants

Includes all flowering plants, conifers, ferns and fern-allies.

Browse by common name:
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z
Common names beginning with E:
White Eatonella (Eatonella nivea)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, sandy, or volcanic desert areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
American eelgrass (Vallisneria americana)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Introduced from British Columbia to Oregon, and in Montana; native in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Ponds, lakes and quiet streams
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Common eelgrass (Zostera marina)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington\'s coastal counties; Alaska to California along the coast; also on the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Sub-tidal area.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Dwarf eelgrass (Nanozostera japonica)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in coastal counties in Washington; Alaska to California along the immediate coast.
Habitat: Coastal mudflats from high tide line to sub-tidal zone.
Origin: Introduced from Japan
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eelgrass (Vallisneria americana)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Introduced from British Columbia to Oregon, and in Montana; native in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Ponds, lakes and quiet streams
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Narrow-bladed eelgrass (Nanozostera japonica)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in coastal counties in Washington; Alaska to California along the immediate coast.
Habitat: Coastal mudflats from high tide line to sub-tidal zone.
Origin: Introduced from Japan
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra)
Distribution: Uncommon west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to northern Oregon; eastern North America where S. nigra var. canadensis is native. and var. nigra is more frequently escaped.
Habitat: Disturbed areas where rarely escaping from nearby cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe and eastern North America
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Blue elderberry (Sambucus cerulea)
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Forest edge, fields, and roadsides from near sea level to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa)
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern North America.
Habitat: A wide variety of habitats, typically in forests, forest edge, fields, and wet areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elecampane (Inula helenium)
Distribution: Known in Washington from a single location east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, also in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Bull elephant's-head (Pedicularis groenlandica)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Seeps, lake shores, wet meadows, and other wet areas from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elephant's-head (Pedicularis groenlandica)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Seeps, lake shores, wet meadows, and other wet areas from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elk-moss (Lycopodium clavatum)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, also in central and eastern North America; circumboreal
Habitat: Moist coniferous woods and swamps.
Origin: Native
Spores: Produces spores April-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elkslip (Caltha leptosepala)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the western Montana.
Habitat: Wet places in subalpine and alpine regions.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elkweed (Frasera speciosa)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Slopes, forest openings, and meadows from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
American elm (Ulmus americana)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; native to eastern and central North America, though escaped from cultivation elsewhere.
Habitat: Woodlands, pastures, old fields at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: February-April
Growth Duration: Perennial
Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia)
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations east of the Cascades crest in Washington; occurring from scattered locations in North America where escaped from cultivation.
Habitat: Disturbed areas where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Field elm (Ulmus procera)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington, but also known from Kittitas County. Known from states scattered in southwestern, central, and northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Riparian areas, often where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: March-April
Growth Duration: Perennial
Little-leaved elm (Ulmus parvifolia)
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations east of the Cascades crest in Washington; occurring from scattered locations in North America where escaped from cultivation.
Habitat: Disturbed areas where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; introduced over much of the North America, where commonly escaping and naturalizing.
Habitat: Roadsides, fence rows, waste areas.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: February-April
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elmera (Elmera racemosa)
Distribution: In the Olympic and Cascade Mountains of Washington; Washington south to Oregon.
Habitat: Rock crevices and rocky ridges and slopes, mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Enchanter's nightshade (Circaea alpina)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Cool, damp woods, low to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Oval-leaved eriogonum (Eriogonum ovalifolium)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Sagebrush deserts, juniper and ponderosa pine forests, to alpine ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Parsnip-flowered eriogonum (Eriogonum heracleoides)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming and Colorado.
Habitat: Deeper soil of shrub-steppe to ponderosa pine forests and rocky ridges at middle elevation in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Round-headed eriogonum (Eriogonum sphaerocephalum)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Sagebrush or juniper flats to ponderosa pine forests at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Bee-thistle eryngo (Eryngium articulatum)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest along the eastern border of Washington; disjunct in eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, otherwise southwestern Oregon to California.
Habitat: Low ground along streams and lakes, often where submerged.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Oregon eryngo (Eryngium petiolatum)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington and in the Columbia River Gorge; southern Washington through the Willamette Valley to southwestern Oregon.
Habitat: Low ground, especially in places submerged in spring and drying out in summer.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Rush-leaf eryngo (Eryngium petiolatum)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington and in the Columbia River Gorge; southern Washington through the Willamette Valley to southwestern Oregon.
Habitat: Low ground, especially in places submerged in spring and drying out in summer.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Euclidium (Euclidium syriacum)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also along the coast in northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Common evening primrose (Oenothera villosa)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, shores, riparian zones, ditches, disturbed ground.
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial
Booth's evening-primrose (Eremothera boothii)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the east end of the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; eastern Washington to California, east to Idaho, Utah, and Arizona.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert on dry rocky slopes, loose soil, sand or ash, sometimes along roadsides.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Long-leaf evening-primrose (Taraxia subacaulis)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Meadows, benchland, and stream banks, from sagbrush plains to moderate elevations in the mountains, usually where dry by late summer.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Pale evening-primrose (Oenothera pallida)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Arizona, east to the Rocky Mountains and Texas.
Habitat: Dry, sandy or gravelly soil, commonly on dunes at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July (September-October)
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Red-sepal evening-primrose (Oenothera glazioviana)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California; also in scattered locations in the eastern U.S.
Habitat: Disturbed soil.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Biennial
Small-flowered evening-primrose (Eremothera minor)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where disjunct; southeastern Oregon to California, east to south-central Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert, often where vernally moist
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Tansy-leaf evening-primrose (Taraxia tanacetifolia)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada
Habitat: Dry, often sandy or gravelly ground, low to moderate elevations
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
California everlasting (Pseudognaphalium californicum)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern Washington to Baja California, Mexico.
Habitat: Sandy soils, dunes, coastal canyons and chaparral.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Pearly everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea)
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast except for extreme southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Dry to somewhat moist open areas, from low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Common eyebright (Euphrasia nemorosa)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Alberta and Montana; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, and other distrubed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Hairy eyebright (Euphrasia nemorosa)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Alberta and Montana; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, and other distrubed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Rough eyelashweed (Blepharipappus scaber)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to California, east to Idaho and northwest Nevada.
Habitat: Grasslands, open slopes, forest edge, sagebrush desert, and other open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual